Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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The questions below refer to the following
balanced chemical equation.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P ® 6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A
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1.
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Refer to the equation above. The process summarized by the equation begins in
the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the
a. | cytoplasm. | c. | endoplasmic reticulum. | b. | mitochondria. | d. | cell membrane. |
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2.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following correctly indicates the
order in which these events occur?
a. | A, B, C, D | c. | B, A, C, D | b. | C, B, A, D | d. | A, C, B, D |
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3.
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Refer to the illustration above. During which stage do the centromeres
divide?
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4.
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Heterotrophs are organisms that
a. | produce food from inorganic molecules or sunlight. | b. | can survive without
energy. | c. | must consume other organisms to get energy. | d. | None of the
above |
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5.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which structure packages and distributes
proteins and lipids?
a. | structure 1 | c. | structure 3 | b. | structure 2 | d. | structure 4 |
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6.
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Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle?
a. | CO2 | c. | NADH | b. | FADH2 | d. | NADPH |
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7.
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A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in ponds in the Rocky
Mountains was declining. This was a(n)
a. | hypothesis. | c. | observation. | b. | theory. | d. | control. |
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8.
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A diploid cell is one that
a. | has two homologues of each chromosome. | b. | is designated by the symbol
2n. | c. | has chromosomes found in pairs. | d. | All of the
above |
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9.
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The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell’s life
is
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10.
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Animals store glucose in the form of
a. | cellulose. | c. | wax. | b. | glycogen. | d. | lipids. |
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11.
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Mitosis is the process by which
a. | microtubules are assembled. | b. | cytoplasm is divided. | c. | the nucleus is
divided into two nuclei. | d. | the cell rests. |
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12.
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Water is important to life because it
a. | surrounds all cells. | b. | is found inside cells. | c. | influences the shape
of the cell membrane. | d. | All of the
above |
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13.
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ATP is called a cell’s “energy currency” because
a. | ATP catalyzes all metabolic reactions. | b. | ATP allows one organelle to be exchanged for
another between cells. | c. | glucose is made of ATP. | d. | most of the energy
that drives metabolism is supplied by ATP. |
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14.
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Which organic molecules below are most closely related to lipids?
a. | amino acids | c. | nucleotides | b. | fatty acids | d. | sugars |
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15.
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Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes?
a. | They have a nucleus. | b. | Their evolution preceded that of
eukaryotes. | c. | The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes. | d. | None of the
above |
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16.
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Elongated proteins that are on the surface of a cell and that identify the cell
are called
a. | marker proteins. | c. | receptor proteins. | b. | channel proteins. | d. | enzymes. |
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17.
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Long chains of amino acids are found in
a. | carbohydrates. | c. | proteins. | b. | lipids. | d. | sugars. |
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18.
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Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
a. | DNA | c. | wax | b. | insulin | d. | sucrose |
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19.
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Fuzzy images viewed with a microscope may be due to poor
a. | resolution. | c. | magnification. | b. | amplification. | d. | None of the
above |
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20.
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Osmosis is a type of
a. | active transport. | c. | facilitated diffusion. | b. | passive
transport. | d. | endocytosis. |
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21.
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The metric system of measurement is based on powers of
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22.
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Water is a polar molecule because
a. | it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom. | b. | it has a
charge. | c. | different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges. | d. | it does not have a
charge. |
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23.
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The process in which plants capture energy and make organic molecules is known
as
a. | homeostasis. | c. | photosynthesis. | b. | evolution. | d. | development. |
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24.
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Refer to the illustration above. Structure 2 is
a. | rough endoplasmic reticulum. | c. | a
mitochondrion. | b. | a Golgi apparatus. | d. | the nucleus. |
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25.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this
cell as a eukaryote?
a. | structure 1 | c. | structure 3 | b. | structure 2 | d. | structure 4 |
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26.
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Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell
because it
a. | has mitochondria. | c. | has a cell membrane. | b. | does not have a cell wall. | d. | does not have a
nucleus. |
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27.
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Refer to the illustration above. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are found
in
a. | structure 1. | c. | structure 3. | b. | structure 2. | d. | structure 5. |
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28.
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The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to find the cause of malaria. Based on
his observations, Dr. Ross suggested that the Anopheles mosquito might spread malaria from
person to person. This suggestion was a
a. | prediction. | c. | theory. | b. | hypothesis. | d. | scientific
“truth.” |
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29.
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The synthesis (S) phase is characterized by
a. | DNA replication. | b. | cell division. | c. | replication of
mitochondria and other organelles. | d. | the division of
cytoplasm. |
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30.
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During the third stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from
a. | ADP. | b. | glucose. | c. | carbon atoms from
carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from glucose. | d. | carbon atoms from
carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH. |
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31.
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Scientists usually design experiments
a. | with a good idea of the expected experimental results. | b. | based on wild
guesses. | c. | in order to develop new laboratory tools. | d. | All of the
above |
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32.
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Ridding the cell of materials by discharging the materials in vesicles is
called
a. | osmosis. | c. | exocytosis. | b. | diffusion. | d. | endocytosis. |
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33.
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The X and Y chromosomes are called the
a. | extra chromosomes. | c. | sex chromosomes. | b. | phenotypes. | d. | All of the
above |
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34.
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Only eukaryotic cells have
a. | DNA. | c. | ribosomes. | b. | membrane-bound organelles. | d. | cytoplasm. |
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35.
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All of the following are examples of lipids except
a. | saturated fats. | c. | cholesterol. | b. | starch. | d. | earwax. |
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36.
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Mitosis is a process by which
a. | DNA is replicated. | c. | cells grow in size. | b. | cytokinesis occurs. | d. | a cell’s nucleus
divides. |
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37.
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A cell will swell when it is placed in a(n)
a. | hypotonic solution. | c. | isotonic solution. | b. | hypertonic solution. | d. | None of the
above |
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38.
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Phospholipids are molecules that
a. | contain phosphate. | b. | have nonpolar “tails” and polar
“heads.” | c. | form the lipid bilayer of the cell
membrane. | d. | All of the above |
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39.
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Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations are
applied is
a. | observations, predictions, hypothesis, controlled testing, conclusions,
questions. | b. | predictions, observations, hypothesis, conclusions, controlled testing,
questions. | c. | observations, questions, hypothesis, predictions, controlled testing,
conclusions. | d. | observations, hypothesis, predictions, controlled testing, questions,
conclusions. |
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40.
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The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule depends on
the presence of
a. | water. | c. | oxygen. | b. | carbon dioxide. | d. | glucose. |
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41.
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Ionic bonds form between molecules that have
a. | opposite charges. | c. | no charges. | b. | the same charge. | d. | neutral
charges. |
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42.
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Trisomy is a mutation that results in a cell having an extra
a. | nitrogen base. | c. | chromosome. | b. | codon. | d. | gene. |
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43.
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If nondisjunction occurs,
a. | there will be too many gametes produced. | b. | no gametes will be
produced. | c. | a gamete will receive too many or too few homologues of a
chromosome. | d. | mitosis cannot take place. |
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44.
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Due to the polarity of water, compounds that dissolve best in water
contain
a. | nonpolar bonds. | c. | polar bonds. | b. | ionic bonds. | d. | Both (b) and
(c) |
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45.
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Living specimens can be viewed using a(n)
a. | light microscope. | c. | scanning tunneling microscope. | b. | electron
microscope. | d. | Both (a) and
(c) |
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46.
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The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is
a. | nitrogen. | c. | water. | b. | carbon dioxide. | d. | oxygen. |
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47.
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The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of
a. | diffusion. | c. | active transport. | b. | osmosis. | d. | endocytosis. |
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48.
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DNA stores
a. | fat. | c. | protein. | b. | carbohydrates. | d. | heredity
information. |
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49.
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In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have
a. | two X chromosomes. | c. | two Y chromosomes. | b. | one X and one Y chromosome. | d. | 46 chromosomes. |
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50.
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Nonpolar molecules have
a. | no negative or positive poles. | c. | only a negative
pole. | b. | both negative and positive poles. | d. | only a positive
pole. |
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51.
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A structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function is called
a(n)
a. | organelle. | c. | tissue. | b. | organ tissue. | d. | biocenter. |
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52.
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Normal cells become cancer cells when
a. | regulation of cell growth and division is lost. | b. | cells do not respond
normally to control mechanisms. | c. | cells continue to divide without passing
through G1. | d. | All of the above |
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53.
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When glycolysis occurs,
a. | a molecule of glucose is split. | c. | some ATP is
produced. | b. | two pyruvates are made. | d. | All of the above |
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54.
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The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from
a. | homeostasis. | c. | water. | b. | food. | d. | heredity. |
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55.
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The size to which a cell can grow is limited by its
a. | location. | c. | function. | b. | structure. | d. | surface area. |
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56.
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One meter is equal to
a. | 1,000 mm. | c. | 0.001 km. | b. | 100 cm. | d. | All of the
above |
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57.
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As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell
during cytokinesis
a. | receives a few chromosomes from the parent cell. | b. | receives an exact
copy of all the chromosomes present in the parent cell. | c. | donates a chromosome
to the parent cell. | d. | receives exactly half the chromosomes from the
parent cell. |
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58.
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Homeostasis means
a. | a change over long periods of time. | b. | maintaining a stable internal
environment. | c. | rapid change. | d. | the same thing as
evolution. |
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59.
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A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is called a
a. | hypothesis. | c. | prediction. | b. | theory. | d. | controlled
experiment. |
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60.
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Short, hairlike structures that protrude from the surface of a cell and are
packed in tight rows are called
a. | flagella. | c. | microfilaments. | b. | microtubules. | d. | cilia. |
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61.
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Polysaccharides are
a. | carbohydrates. | c. | proteins. | b. | lipids. | d. | unsaturated
fats. |
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62.
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Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
a. | amoeba | c. | bacterium | b. | virus | d. | liver cell |
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63.
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When living cells break down food molecules, energy is
a. | stored as ADP. | c. | released as heat. | b. | stored as ATP. | d. | Both (b) and
(c) |
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64.
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The cell membrane
a. | encloses the contents of a cell. | b. | allows materials to enter and leave the
cell. | c. | is selectively permeable. | d. | All of the
above |
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65.
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A microscope with a 4´ objective lens and a
10´ ocular lens produces a total magnification of
a. | 14´. | c. | 400´. | b. | 40´. | d. | 4000´. |
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66.
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In a cell, proteins are made on the
a. | mitochondria. | c. | nucleus. | b. | ribosomes. | d. | cell membrane. |
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67.
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A scientific theory
a. | is absolutely certain. | b. | is unchangeable. | c. | may be revised as
new evidence is presented. | d. | is a controlled
experiment. |
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68.
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The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes
along the equator of the cell is called
a. | telophase. | c. | anaphase. | b. | metaphase. | d. | prophase. |
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69.
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Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code
for
a. | different traits. | c. | DNA. | b. | the same traits. | d. | cytosol. |
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70.
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Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 1 is in
a. | metaphase. | c. | anaphase. | b. | telophase. | d. | prophase. |
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71.
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Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram 5 is in
a. | metaphase. | c. | anaphase. | b. | telophase. | d. | prophase. |
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72.
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Refer to the illustration above. Mitosis begins with the stage shown in
diagram
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73.
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The electrons of an atom
a. | are found in the nucleus along with the protons. | b. | occupy the space
surrounding the nucleus. | c. | have a positive charge. | d. | are attached to the
positive charge of neutrons. |
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74.
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Chemical energy stored in food molecules is released through
a. | fermentation. | c. | cellular respiration. | b. | photosynthesis. | d. | None of the above |
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75.
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Binary fission
a. | occurs when two cells collide with each other. | b. | produces excess
energy. | c. | creates new species. | d. | is the process by which bacteria
reproduce. |
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76.
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Unlike passive transport, active transport
a. | requires energy. | b. | moves substances down their concentration
gradient. | c. | does not involve carrier proteins. | d. | All of the
above |
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77.
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Acidic solutions have a pH that is
a. | less than 7. | c. | a negative number. | b. | between 7 and 14. | d. | more than 7. |
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78.
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When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area
a. | increases at the same rate. | c. | increases at a faster
rate. | b. | remains the same. | d. | increases at a slower rate. |
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79.
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Which of the following organic molecules are classified as carbohydrates?
a. | amino acids | c. | nucleotides | b. | fatty acids | d. | sugars |
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80.
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During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex
carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called
a. | the Calvin cycle. | c. | the electron transport chain. | b. | the Krebs
cycle. | d. | None of the
above |
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81.
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A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative
charge on the other side is called a
a. | nonpolar molecule. | c. | charged molecule. | b. | polar molecule. | d. | bipolar
molecule. |
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82.
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Types of asexual reproduction include
a. | budding. | c. | fission. | b. | fragmentation. | d. | All of the
above |
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83.
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The cell cycle is monitored as each cell passes through
a. | cellular respiration. | c. | photosynthesis. | b. | checkpoints. | d. | homeostasis. |
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84.
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Cells that are not dividing remain in the
a. | mitosis phase. | c. | first growth phase. | b. | synthesis phase. | d. | cytokinesis
phase. |
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85.
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For each molecule of glucose that is broken down during aerobic respiration, the
Krebs cycle produces
a. | 2 ATP. | c. | 6 ATP. | b. | 4 ATP. | d. | 8 ATP. |
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86.
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All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment
through the process of
a. | growth. | c. | homeostasis. | b. | development. | d. | evolution. |
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87.
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Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items?
a. | eukaryote-amoeba | c. | cell wall-animal cell | b. | ribosomes-protein | d. | mitochondria-ATP |
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88.
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The first three phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as
a. | cellular respiration. | c. | mitosis. | b. | telophase. | d. | interphase. |
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89.
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Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from
a. | the sun. | c. | the moon. | b. | the rotation of the Earth. | d. | None of the
above |
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90.
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Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported
into the cell by
a. | osmosis. | c. | exocytosis. | b. | endocytosis. | d. | diffusion. |
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91.
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Which of the following is characteristic of all living things?
a. | reproduction | c. | cellular organization | b. | metabolism | d. | All of the above |
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92.
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As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis
a. | increases indefinitely. | b. | decreases indefinitely. | c. | increases until the
light saturation point is reached. | d. | decreases until the light saturation point is
reached. |
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93.
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Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms
a. | results in ion formation. | b. | occurs in covalent bonds. | c. | only occurs if both
are atoms of the same element. | d. | is found only among carbon
atoms. |
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94.
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The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of
chromosomes
a. | ensures that variations within a species never occur. | b. | acts as a source of
variations within a species. | c. | always produces genetic
disorders. | d. | is called crossing. |
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95.
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Diffusion is the movement of a substance
a. | only through a lipid bilayer membrane. | b. | from an area of low concentration to an area of
higher concentration. | c. | only in liquids. | d. | from an area of high
concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
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96.
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Which of the following does not require energy?
a. | diffusion | c. | active transport | b. | endocytosis | d. | sodium-potassium
pump |
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97.
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Chromatids are
a. | dense patches within the nucleus. | b. | bacterial chromosomes. | c. | joined strands of
duplicated genetic material. | d. | prokaryotic
nuclei. |
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98.
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Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that
the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is
a. | carbohydrates. | c. | the sun. | b. | water. | d. | carbon dioxide. |
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99.
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Energy flows from the sun through the living world when
a. | plants capture sunlight and produce carbohydrates. | b. | animals eat
plants. | c. | animals eat other animals that have eaten plants. | d. | All of the
above |
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100.
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Atoms are composed of
a. | protons. | c. | electrons. | b. | neutrons. | d. | All of the
above |
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Using the information you have learned about cell reproduction, infer answers to
the questions below about a cell with a diploid number of 4 chromosomes. Select from among the
diagrams below, labeled A, B, C, D, and E, to answer the questions. 
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101.
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Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of mitosis?
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102.
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Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is
a. | mitosis. | c. | meiosis. | b. | chromosomal mutation. | d. | dominance. |
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103.
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy for cells to use in the bonds between
its
a. | amino acids. | c. | nucleotides. | b. | carbon atoms. | d. | phosphates. |
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104.
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Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of
a. | communicating. | c. | experimenting. | b. | inferring. | d. | analyzing data. |
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105.
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Living things
a. | require energy to carry on life processes. | b. | have the ability to
reproduce. | c. | are composed of cells. | d. | All of the
above |
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106.
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The smallest units of life are
a. | cells. | c. | chloroplasts. | b. | mitochondria. | d. | None of the
above |
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107.
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Refer to the illustration above. Taken together, these graphs demonstrate
that
a. | photosynthesis is independent of environmental influences. | b. | increases in light
intensity cause increases in temperature. | c. | as the rate of photosynthesis increases, the
temperature of a plant eventually decreases. | d. | the rate of photosynthesis is affected by
changes in the environment. |
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108.
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A hypothesis is a
a. | definite answer to a given problem. | b. | testable possible explanation of an
observation. | c. | proven statement. | d. | concluding
statement. |
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109.
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A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and
becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called
a. | deletion. | c. | inversion. | b. | duplication. | d. | translocation. |
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110.
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The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
a. | nucleus. | c. | central vacuole. | b. | Golgi apparatus. | d. | nuclear
envelope. |
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111.
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The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called
a. | solubility. | c. | selective transport. | b. | osmosis. | d. | endocytosis. |
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112.
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A student can study a karyotype to learn about the
a. | cell cycle. | b. | genes that are present in a particular strand
of DNA. | c. | medical history of an individual. | d. | number and structure of the chromosomes in a
somatic cell. |
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113.
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Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a. | C ® M ® G1
® S ® G2 | c. | G1 ® S ® G2 ® M ® C | b. | S ® G1 ® G2 ® M ® C | d. | None of the
above |
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114.
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The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the
a. | nucleolus. | c. | ribosome. | b. | nuclear wall. | d. | nuclear
envelope. |
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115.
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Because of photosynthesis,
a. | the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas. | b. | animals can get energy directly from the
sun. | c. | plants produce carbon dioxide. | d. | All of the
above |
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116.
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A change in a gene due to damage or being copied incorrectly is called
a. | evolution. | c. | segregation. | b. | meiosis. | d. | a mutation. |
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117.
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The more common name for an ovum is a(n)
a. | egg. | c. | nutrient. | b. | hormone. | d. | polar body. |
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118.
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To create new haploid cells during the haploid life cycle, the zygote
undergoes
a. | mitosis. | c. | fusion. | b. | fertilization. | d. | meiosis. |
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119.
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How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid
number of 8?
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120.
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The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a(n)
a. | active site. | c. | organic molecule. | b. | inactive site. | d. | substrate. |
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121.
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NADPH is important in photosynthesis because it
a. | becomes oxidized to form NADP. | b. | is needed to form
chlorophyll. | c. | provides additional oxygen atoms. | d. | carries high-energy electrons needed to produce
organic molecules. |
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122.
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Dr. Ross knew that the parasite Plasmodium was always found in the blood
of malaria patients. He thought that if the Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for
spreading malaria, then Plasmodium would be found in the mosquitoes. This ideas was a
a. | prediction. | c. | theory. | b. | hypothesis. | d. | scientific
“truth.” |
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123.
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Proteins that act like selective passageways in the cell membrane are known
as
a. | marker proteins. | c. | receptor proteins. | b. | channel proteins. | d. | None of the
above |
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124.
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In cellular respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-carbon
molecule as part of
a. | glycolysis. | c. | the Krebs cycle. | b. | carbon dioxide fixation. | d. | the electron transport
chain. |
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125.
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The point at which two chromatids are attached to each other in a chromosome is
called a(n)
a. | chloroplast. | c. | gamete. | b. | centromere. | d. | centriole. |
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